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   Beginning Database Design Solutions (c) by Wrox

   The type of the release is: eBook
   In the PDF format with ISBN: 0470385499 and Pub Date: November 10, 2008
   The size of the release is: 02 disks x 2.88mb
   And released on: 07/25/2009

 ú-ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ--ú 
   This book is intended for IT professionals and students who want to 
   learn how to design, analyze, and understand databases. The material 
   will benefit those who want a better high-level understanding of 
   databases such as proposal managers, architects, project managers, and 
   even customers. The material will also benefit those who will actually 
   design, build, and work with databases such as database designers, 
   database administrators, and programmers. In many projects, these roles 
   overlap so the same person may be responsible for working on the 
   proposal, managing part of the project, and designing and creating the 
   database. This book is aimed at IT professionals and students of all 
   experience levels. It does not assume that you have any previous 
   experience with databases or programs that use them. It doesn’t even 
   assume that you have experience with computers. All you really need is a 
   willingness and desire to learn. This book explains database design. It 
   tells how to plan a database’s structure so the database will be robust, 
   resistant to errors, and flexible enough to accommodate a reasonable 
   amount of future change. It explains how to discover database 
   requirements, build data models to study data needs, and refine those 
   models to improve the database’s effectiveness. The book solidifies 
   these concepts by working through a detailed example that designs a 
   realistic database. Later chapters explain how to actually build 
   databases using two common database products: Access 2007 and MySQL. The 
   book finishes by describing some of the topics you need to understand to 
   keep a database running effectively such as database maintenance and 
   security. This book explains database design. It tells how to determine 
   what should go in a database and how the database should be structured 
   to give the best results. This book does not focus on actually creating 
   the database. The details of database construction are different for 
   different database tools so, to remain as generally as useful as 
   possible, this book doesn’t concentrate on any particular database 
   system. You can apply the techniques described here equally to whatever 
   database tool you use whether it’s Access, SQL Server, Oracle, MySQL, or 
   some other database product. Most database products include free 
   editions that you can use for smaller projects. For example, SQL Server 
   Express Edition, Oracle Express Edition, and MySQL Community Server are 
   all free. To remain database neutral, the book does not assume you are 
   using a particular database so you don’t need any particular software or 
   hardware. To work through the Exercises, all you really need is a pencil 
   and some paper. You are welcome to type solutions into your computer if 
   you like but you may actually find working with pencil and paper easier 
   than using a graphical design tool to draw pictures, at least until you 
   are comfortable with database design and are ready to pick a 
   computerized design tool.      
 
     - “Goals of Effective Database Design,” explains the reasons why 
   people and organizations use databases. It explains a database’s purpose 
   and conditions that it must satisfy to be useful. This also describes 
   the basic ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) and CRUD 
   (Create, Read, Update, Delete) features that any good database should 
   have. It explains in high-level general terms what makes a good database 
   and what makes a bad database. 
     - “Database Types,” explains some of the different types of databases 
   that you might decide to use. These include flat files, spreadsheets, 
   hierarchical databases (XML), object databases, and relational 
   databases. The relational database is one of the most powerful and most 
   commonly used forms of database so it is the focus of this book, but it 
   is important to realize that there are alternatives that may be more 
   appropriate under certain circumstances. This gives some tips on 
   deciding which kind of database might be best for a particular project. 
     - “Relational Database Fundamentals,” explains basic relational 
   database concepts such as tables, rows, and columns. It explains the 
   common usage of relational database terms in addition to the more 
   technical terms that are sometimes used by database theorists. It 
   describes different kinds of constraints that databases use to guarantee 
   that the data is stored safely and consistently. 
     - “Understanding User Needs,” explains how to learn about the users’ 
   needs and gather user requirements. It tells how to study the users’ 
   current operations, existing databases (if any), and desired 
   improvements. It describes common questions that you can ask to learn 
   about users’ operations, desires, and needs, and how to build the 
   results into requirements documents and specifications. This explains 
   what use cases are and tells how to use them and the requirements to 
   guide database design and to measure success. 
     - “Translating User Needs into Data Models,” introduces data modeling. 
   It explains how to translate the user’s conceptual model and the 
   requirements into other more precise models that define the database 
   design rigorously. This describes several database modeling techniques 
   including user-interface models, semantic object models, 
   entity-relationship diagrams, and relational models. 
     - “Extracting Business Rules,” explains how a database can handle 
   business rules. It explains what business rules are, how they differ 
   from database structure requirements, and how you can identify business 
   rules. This explains the benefits of separating business rules from the 
   database structure and tells how achieve that separation. 
     - “Normalizing Data,” explains one of the biggest tools in database 
   design: normalization. Normalization techniques allow you to restructure 
   a database to increase its flexibility and make it more robust. This 
   explains the various forms of normalization, emphasizing the stages that 
   are most common and important: first, second, and third normal forms 
   (1NF, 2NF, and 3NF). It explains how each of these kinds of 
   normalization helps prevent errors and tells why it is sometimes better 
   to leave a database slightly less normalized to improve performance. 
     - “Designing Databases to Support Software Applications,” explains how 
   databases fit into the larger context of application design and 
   lifecycle. This explains how later development depends on the underlying 
   database design. It discusses multi-tier architectures that can help 
   decouple the application and database design so there can be at least 
   some changes to either without requiring changes to the other. 
     - “Common Design Patterns,” explains some common patterns that are 
   useful in many applications. Some of these techniques include 
   implementing various kinds of relationships among objects, storing 
   hierarchical and network data, recording temporal data, and logging and 
   locking. 
     - “Common Design Pitfalls,” explains some common design mistakes that 
   occur in database development. It describes problems that can arise from 
   insufficient planning, incorrect normalization, and obsession with ID 
   fields and performance. 
     - “User Needs and Requirements,” walks through the steps required to 
   analyze the users’ problem, define requirements, and create use cases. 
   It describes interviews with fictitious customers that are used to 
   identify the application’s needs and translate them into database 
   requirements. 
     - “Building a Data Model,” translates the requirements gathered in the 
   previous into a series of data models that precisely define the 
   database’s structure. This builds user-interface models, 
   entity-relationship diagrams, semantic object models, and relational 
   models to refine the database’s initial design. The final relational 
   models match the structure of a relational database fairly closely so 
   they are easy to implement. 
     - “Extracting Business Rules,” identifies the business rules embedded 
   in the relational model. It shows how to extract those rules in order to 
   separate them logically from the database’s structure. This makes the 
   database more robust in the face of future changes to the business 
   rules. 
     - “Normalization and Refinement,” refines the relational model by 
   normalizing it. It walks through several versions of the database that 
   are in different normal forms. It then selects the degree of 
   normalization that provides a reasonable tradeoff between robust design 
   and acceptable performance. 
     - “Microsoft Access,” explains how to build a database with Microsoft 
   Access 2007. This explains enough to get started and to use Access to 
   build non-trivial databases. You can use other versions of Access to 
   work through this, although the locations of menus, buttons, and other 
   Access features are different in different versions. 
     - “MySQL,” explains how to build a database with MySQL. This tells 
   where to download a free version of MySQL. It explains how to use the 
   MySQL Command Line Client as well as some useful graphical tools 
   including MySQL Query Browser and MySQL Workbench. 
     - “Introduction to SQL,” provides an introduction to SQL (Structured 
   Query Language). It explains how to use SQL commands to add, insert, 
   update, and delete data. By using SQL, you can help insulate a program 
   from the idiosyncrasies of the particular database product that it uses 
   to store data. 
     - “Building Databases with SQL Scripts,” explains how to use SQL 
   scripts to build a database. It explains the advantages of this 
   technique, such as the ability to create scripts to initialize a 
   database before performing tests. It also explains some of the 
   restrictions on this method, such as the fact that the user must create 
   and de... 

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